Reason and Meaning

Philosophical reflections on life, death, and the meaning of life
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      • Table of Contents
      • Preface
      • Introduction
      • 1. Life & Meaning
      • 2. Religion & Meaning
      • 3. Philosophy, Science & Meaning
      • 4. Death & Meaning
      • 5. Transhumanism & Meaning
      • 6. Skepticism & Meaning
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      • 8. Hope & Meaning
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  • Religion
    • Philosophy of Religion
      • Arguments for God
      • The Problem of Evil
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      • Smart-People Problem
      • No Smart-People Problem
      • Arguing with Theists
      • Philosophy/Theology/Science
      • God of the Philosophers
      • Accepting Religion
      • Are the Gods Evil?
      • Living & Religious Claims
      • Christianity Is a Delusion
    • Science & Religion
      • Science Explains Religion
      • Einstein and Darwin
      • Science & Religion: Dialogue
      • Did a God Use Evolution?
      • The End of Time
      • More on the End of Time
      • Hypatia & Religion
      • Logic & Religious Beliefs
      • Cosmology vs. Creationism
      • Against Creationists
      • A Critique of Religion
    • Religion & the Future
      • The Singularity & Religion
      • Better Humans Revisited
      • Building Better Humans
      • Technology & Religions End
      • Religion & Superintelligence
      • Converting Superintelligence
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      • Religion & Meaning Pt.1
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      • More Cosmic Evol & Meaning
      • Wright: Human Destiny
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      • George Will’s Nonsense
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      • Better Humans Pt.2
      • Revolt Against
      • What Computers Won’t Do
      • Mind Uploading-Impossible
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      • TH & Freedom
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      • Implanting Moral Chips
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      • Superintelligence Pt.1
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  • Death
    • Death is Bad
      • Vincent Barry
      • George Pitcher
      • Steven Luper
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    • Death is Not Bad
      • Leo Tolstoy
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    • Essays on Dying
      • Laurie Becklund
      • Emily Debrayda Phillips
      • David Malham
      • Paul Kalanithi
      • Roger Ebert
      • Oliver Sacks
      • Oliver Sacks Pt.2
      • Oliver Sacks’ Death
    • Poems
      • Gray, “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”
      • Henley, “Margaritae Sorori”
      • Dickinson, “Because I could not stop for Death “
      • Owen, “Dulce Et Decorum Est”
      • Auden, “September 1, 1939”
      • Robinson, “Richard Cory”
      • Larkin, “An Arundel Tomb”
      • Larkin, “Aubade”
      • Appleman, “Gertrude”
      • Shelley, “Ozymandias”
      • Auden “Funeral Blues”
    • Personal
      • Death is Bad
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      • Cemeteries
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    • General
      • Do We Survive Death?
      • Christopher Hitchens
      • Denying Death
      • Death as Ticking Bomb
      • The Fear of Death
      • Fearing Immortality
      • Death & Meaning
      • Death is Evil
  • Ethics
    • Introduction
      • What is Ethics?
      • Theories & Intuitions
      • Moral & Legal
      • Ethical Theory
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    • Meta-ethics
      • Is Ethics Objective?
      • Cultural Moral Relativism
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      • David Gauthier
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    • Abortion
      • Noonan: “An Almost Absolute Value in History”
      • Marquis: “Why Abortion is Immoral”
      • Warren: “On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion”
      • Thomson: “A Defense of Abortion”
      • Reply to Pro-Lifer
      • More Replies to Pro-Lifers
      • Politics & Abortion
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    • Euthanasia
      • The Euthanasia Debate
      • Williams: “The Wrongfulness of Euthanasia”
      • Brock: “Voluntary Active Euthanasia”
      • Rachels: “Active and Passive Euthanasia”
      • David Goodall’s Death
    • Biotechnology
      • Sandel: “The Case against Perfection”
      • Tooley: “Moral Status of Cloning Humans”
      • Steinbock: “The Morality of Killing Human Embryos”
      • Kass: “Beyond Therapy: Biotechnology & …”
      • Lauritzen: “Stem Cells, Biotech & Human Rights …”
    • Sexual Ethics
      • Goldman: “Plain Sex”
      • Mappes: “Sexual Morality and the Concept of Using …”
      • Sexism
    • Global
      • Just War Theory
      • Walzer: “The Triumph of Just War Theory”
      • Risse: “What We Owe to the Global Poor”
      • Dwyer: “Illegal Immigrants, Health Care, & Social …”
      • Justice is Enough
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  • Meaning
    • Agnostic
      • Paul Edwards
      • A. J. Ayer
      • John Wisdom
      • R. W. Hepburn
      • Robert Nozick
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      • Ludwig Wittgenstein
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      • Schopenhauer Pt.2
      • Camus
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      • Milan Kundera
    • Subjectivists-Pessimistic
      • Jean Paul Sartre
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      • John Kekes
      • Bertrand Russell
      • E. D. Klemke
    • Subjectivists-Optimistic
      • Kurt Baier
      • Kai Nielsen
      • Hazel Barnes
      • David Schmidt
      • Nick Hughes
      • Robert Solomon
      • David Lund
      • Julian Baggini
      • Richard Taylor
      • R. M. Hare
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      • Andre Maurois
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      • Steven Cahn
      • Susan Wolf Pt.2
      • James Rachels
      • Tennyson: Ulysses
    • Objectivists – Specific
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      • Terry Eagleton
      • Mortiz Schlick
      • Owen Flanagan
      • Victor Frankl
      • Christopher Belshaw
      • Raymond Belliotti
      • Paul Thagard
      • Thaddeus Metz
    • Religious- Less Dogmatic
      • Leo Tolstoy
      • Antony Flew
      • David Swenson
      • Reinhold Niebuhr
      • Philip Quinn
      • William James
      • Huston Smith
      • John Hick
    • Religious- More Dogmatic
      • Louis Pojman
      • John Cottingham
      • William Craig
      • Tom Morris
    • Evolutionists
      • Daniel Dennett
      • Michael Shermer
      • Steve Stewart-Williams
      • John Stewart
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      • John Messerly
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      • The Human Predicament
      • Beginning & End
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      • The Anthropocene
      • Reply to Ruse
      • Michael Ruse
  • Philosophy
    • Intro. to Philosophy
      • What is Philosophy?
      • Philosophy/Science/Religion
      • Is Truth Relative?
      • The Prisoner’s Dilemma
      • Do We Live in the Matrix?
      • Freedom & Determinism
      • Against Free Will
      • Can A Machine Think?
      • Philosophy of Mind
      • Personal Identity
      • Existentialism
    • Critical Thinking
      • Introduction
      • Psychological Impediments
      • A Right to Your Opinion?
      • Who Should I Believe?
      • But I Just Believe
      • Deceptive Language
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      • A Graph of Cognitive Biases
      • G.I. Joy Fallacy
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      • Hinduism: Basics
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      • Harry Frankfurt: On BS
      • Is Knowledge Power?
      • Against Dogmatism
      • Fallibilism
      • Searching For Truth
      • Lying & Truth
      • Monopoly on Truth
      • Does Knowledge Matter?
      • Belief & Skepticism
      • Truth & Falsity
      • Truth and Power
      • Limits of Knowledge
    • Hope
      • Is Hope Bad?
      • Hope and Pandora’s Box
      • A Defense of Hope
      • A Defense of Optimism
      • Doug Muder on Hope
      • And Possibilities
      • Hope (Academic)
      • is the thing with feathers
      • And Existence
      • Against Hope
      • For Non-Believers
    • Poems
      • Tennyson, “Ulysses”
      • Emily Jane Brontë, “Life”
      • Henley, “Invictus”
      • Yeats, “The Lake Isle of Innisfree”
      • Frost, “The Road Not Taken”
      • Dickinson: “The Brain is wider than the Sky”
      • Larkin, “This Be The Verse”
      • Tennyson “Tears Idle Tears”
      • Longfellow “Morituri Salutamas”
      • Longfellow “A Psalm of Life”
      • Frost, “Stopping By Woods on a Snowy Evening”
      • Robinson, “Dear Friends”
    • Popular
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      • Kahlil Gibran
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      • Communing with Nature
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      • Daniel Gray, BA
      • 30 Years Teaching
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      • Defending Philosophy
      • Value of Philosophy
      • Philosophy & Wonder
      • Philosophy Class
      • Should I Go To College?
      • Value of College
      • Former Student
      • Relevance of Philosophy
      • Skepticism & Meaning
      • Football & Change
      • Teacher Burnout
      • Destroying Higher Education
    • Book Reviews
      • Why Does The World Exist?
      • Outer Limits of Reason
      • Better Never to Have Been
      • Consolations of Philosophy
      • Philosophy at Midlife
      • A Thinker’s Guide…
      • Star Map
  • Philosophers
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      • Presocratics
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      • Socrates: Knowledge
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      • Plato on Human Nature
      • Plato: Cave, Line, Sun
      • Plato: The Apology
      • Plato: Political Theory
      • Plato: Gyges’ Ring
      • Plato: Justice
      • Aristotle on Human Nature
      • Aristotle: A Good Life
      • Aristotle: Good Societies
      • Aristotle: Living Well
      • Epicurus
      • Plotinus
    • Stoics
      • Epictetus: Self-Control
      • Epictetus & Stockdale
      • Aurelius: The Meditations
      • Aurelius: Get Out Of Bed
      • Seneca: Shortness of Life
      • Cicero: On Old Age
      • On Emotions
      • Seneca: On Tranquility
    • Modern Philosophers
      • Hobbes: Politics and Ethics
      • Descartes’ Third Maxim
      • Descartes to Kant
      • Hume: Suicide
      • Hume: Good Philosophers
      • Adam Smith: Hume’s Death
      • Kant: Developing Talents
      • Kant: Ethics
      • Kant: Ethics (brief)
      • Marx: Politics
      • Schopenhauer: Pessimism
      • Schopenhauer: Hope
      • James: Once & Twice Born
      • Spinoza
    • Nikos Kazantzakis
      • Life & Thought
      • Saviors of God
      • Life’s Meaning
      • Against Hope
    • Bertrand Russell
      • Value of Philosophy
      • On Idleness
      • We Fear Thought
      • Nobel Prize Speech
      • Last Written Words
      • How To Grow Old
      • His Grandmother
      • The Will to Doubt
      • The Will to Doubt
      • What He Believed
      • A Free Man’s Worship
    • Will Durant
      • Value of Philosophy
      • Cycle of Life
      • Words & Wisdom
      • Cultural Progress
      • Meaning in Life
      • Story of Philosophy
      • Convict 79206
    • Contemporary Philosophers
      • Marcel: Problems & Mystery
      • Marcel: Creativity & Hope
      • Unamuno: Life as Tragedy
      • Adler: Truth & Justice
      • Frankl: Tragic Optimism
      • Piaget: Knowledge Evolves
      • Parfit: On Existence
      • Camus on Meaning
      • Sartre on Meaning
      • Process Philosophers
  • More
    • Work
      • Monotony
      • What We Want
      • Rethinking Work
      • Meaningful Work
      • Friends & Work
      • Fulfilling Work
      • Money
      • Work/Life Balance
      • Overworked
      • Do What You Love?
    • Music
      • All Things Pass
      • The Living Years
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      • Ode to Joy
      • Dan Fogelberg
      • River of Souls
      • Pawn in the Game
      • Closing Time
      • Oh Very Young
      • About Time
      • Political Parody
      • About Time Pt.2
      • Darrell Arnold
    • Love
      • What is Love?
      • Types of Love
      • And Death
      • Jane Austen
      • Love & Pain
      • 50th Anniversary
      • The Art of Loving
      • Marriage
      • Monogamy
    • Time
      • Nostalgia
      • Life is Brief
      • Life is Fleeting
      • How To Spend It?
      • Experiencing Time
      • Past & Future
      • F. Scott Fitzgerald
    • Depression/Anxiety
      • Nicotine Gum
      • Responsibility
      • Whose Fault?
      • A Poem
      • Marijuana
      • Alan Watts
      • Back To Sanity
      • Game Addiction
      • Solitary Confinement
    • Happiness
      • Best Countries
      • Harvard Study
      • Predicting
      • Relationships
      • Relationship Scale
      • Nature
      • And Meaning
      • Walking in Nature
      • Solitude
      • Are We Ever at Home?
    • Health/Aging
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      • Infections
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      • Food & Society
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      • Gerotranscendence
    • Movies
      • Philomena
      • Spotlight
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    • Documentaries
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      • Exile Nation
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      • Where To Invade
      • Life Itself-Roger Ebert
      • Food Chain
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      • Trump’s Showdown
    • Writing
      • How To Write Well
      • Why Write?
      • About Writing
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      • Examples of Great Writing
      • Faulkner: Nobel Speech
      • Evans: Writing Well Matters
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      • 1. Freedom & Power
      • 2. Freedom & Govt. Part1
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